Conditional deletion of genes in OLs critical for lipid synthesis leads to reduced OL number and impaired myelination, yet these eventually normalize, indicating compensation through uptake from neighboring cells 102,105
Knockout of ERK1/2 used as a model by Newbern and colleagues has turned out to inhibit myelination of axons, the morphology of the nerves was altered, the ratio of myelinated to nonmyelinated axons shifted in favour of the nonmyelinated fibres, however no reduction in Schwann cell number occurred, and the myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelinassociated glycoprotein (MAG) were upregulated, whereas the pluripotency related and glial differentiation control proteins Id2 and Id4 were downregulated, all of which has been interpreted by the authors as a premature onset of myelination (Newbern et al., 2011)
Bello-Reuss E, Reuss L (1983) Homeostatic and excretory functions of the kidney the kidney and body fluids in health and disease
In addition to these metabolic abnormalities, chronic hyperglycemia can induce epigenetic modifications, that persist even after comprehensive antidiabetic therapy and glucose level normalization
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